By Yamal 
Linear programming is a powerful mathematical technique used to optimize a certain objective while adhering to specific constraints. At its core, linear programming involves modeling a problem where you want to maximize or minimize an objective function, subject to a set of linear inequalities or equations known as constraints.
To fully grasp linear programming, it’s essential to understand both the objective and the constraints. The objective function represents the goal of the optimization. For instance, it could be maximizing profit, minimizing costs, or efficiently allocating resources. This function is typically expressed in a linear format, such as profit = 5x + 10y, where x and y are the decision variables representing the quantities of products or resources.
Constraints, on the other hand, are the limits within which the optimization must occur. They define the feasible region in which the solution must lie. For example, constraints might include resource availability, such as labor hours or raw materials, expressed as inequalities. An example might look like this: 2x + 3y ≤ 100, where the left side represents the resource usage and the right side signifies the available amount.
The intersection of the objective function and the constraints creates a feasible region, usually visualized in a graph. The optimal solution—where the objective function reaches its maximum or minimum value—can often be found at the vertices of this feasible region.
Understanding the interplay between objectives and constraints is crucial for effectively using linear programming in fields such as economics, engineering, and logistics. By properly setting up and analyzing these elements, you can achieve optimal solutions to complex problems, ensuring efficient resource utilization and decision-making.