By Yamal 
Linear programming (LP) is a widely used mathematical method for optimizing a linear objective function, subject to linear equality and inequality constraints. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to formulate a linear programming problem:
- Define the Decision Variables: Start by identifying the variables that will influence the outcome of the objective function. These variables represent quantities we can control. For example, if you’re trying to maximize profit from two products, your decision variables could be the quantity of each product to produce.
- Identify the Objective Function: The objective function is the formula you aim to maximize or minimize. For instance, if you want to maximize profit, express this in terms of your decision variables. A typical form might look like: Maximize Z = c1*x1 + c2*x2, where c1 and c2 are profits per unit for products x1 and x2.
- Establish the Constraints: Constraints are conditions that must be met within the model. These can be in the form of resource limitations (like hours, materials, or budget). Constraints should be represented as linear inequalities or equations. For example:
– x1 + x2 ≤ total_resource
– x1 ≥ 0
– x2 ≥ 0
- Non-negativity Restrictions: Ensure that the decision variables cannot take negative values since negative production doesn’t make sense in most scenarios. This can be expressed simply as x1 ≥ 0 and x2 ≥ 0.
- Review and Revise: After drafting your problem, review it to ensure that your objective function and constraints accurately reflect real-world conditions. Make adjustments as necessary to ensure the formulation aligns with the actual context of the problem.
- Solve the Problem: Once your linear programming model is formulated, utilize LP techniques such as the Simplex method, graphical method, or software tools to find the optimal solution.
By following these steps, you can effectively formulate a linear programming problem tailored to your specific needs, enabling better decision-making and resource allocation.